Pietro Andrea Gregorio Mattioli (also Piearandrea Matthiolus, Matthioli, or Peter Andrew Matthioli; 1501 in Siena - 1577 in Trento) was an important Renaissance physician and botanist of Italian origin.
He spent his childhood in Siena and Venice, studied medicine at the University of Padua, but also visited other Italian universities such as the University of Rome with his teacher and surgeon Caravita. He completed his studies in 1523.
He worked as a physician in Siena, Rome, Trent (as personal physician to the local bishop) and Gorizia, where he was called in the 1940s. In this city he worked on the Italian translation of the famous Latin work De materia medica by the ancient scholar and physician Pedaccio Dioscurido of Anazarba.
From 1554 Mattioli lived in Prague, where he was summoned as personal physician to Archduke Ferdinand of Tyrol, governor of Bohemia in 1547-66. In Prague, he published his medical letters with George Melantrich of Aventine in 1561 in a book entitled Epistolarum Medicinalium libri quinque (Five Books of Medical Letters) and a year later an expanded Czech translation of his book Herbarium or Herbalist. In 1563, a German translation of this work was published by the same printer, which was first published in Italian in 1544 and ten years later, in 1554, in Venice, also in Latin.
Mattioli, Pietro Andrea (1501-1577). "Wořijssek zemský. Pseudoapios. Erdnuß" (peanut). Original, old coloured woodcut from the first Czech edition of Matthioli's Herbarium ("Herbář neboli bylinář"). Published in Prague by J. Melantrich z Aventina,...
Mattioli, Pietro Andrea (1501-1577). Peucedanum ostruthium. "Wssedobr. Imperatoria vulgy Ostrutium. Meisetr wurtz. Apffelbaum". Původní, staře kolorovaný dřevořez z 1. českého vyd. Mattioliho Herbáře ("Herbář neboli bylinář"). Vyd. J. Melantrich z Aventina v Praze, 1562. 27:16,5 cm.
Mattioli, Pietro Andrea (1501-1577). "Yabloň. Malus. Apffelbaum" (apple tree, apples). Original, old coloured woodcut from the first Czech edition of Matthioli's Herbarium ("Herbář neboli bylinář"). Published in Prague by J. Melantrich z Aventina,...
Mattioli, Pietro Andrea (1501-1577). "Zäme oder Wein Rautten. Ruta hortensis" (common rue). Original woodblock. Orig. old colouring. Prague, Melantrich, 1563. 22:16 cm.